Strategy for early diagnosis and prevention of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common and prognostically unfavorable malignancies of the digestive system. In recent years, its incidence has been steadily increasing, underscoring the need to improve strategies for early detection. Timely diagnosis plays a pivotal role, as it enables optimal therapeutic decision-making and improves survival outcomes. Objective. To summarize current perspectives on the early diagnosis and prevention of pancreatic cancer. Key points. Early detection is essential primarily in high-risk populations, including individuals with genetic predisposition and those with a personal history of pancreatic neoplasia. In these high-risk groups, screening programs should incorporate regularly scheduled imaging—primarily magnetic resonance imaging — with or without the use of biomarkers such as CA 19-9. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support population-wide screening due to the lack of cost-effective tests. Preventive strategies include lifestyle and wellness interventions, general cancer screening, mental health improvement, and the targeted use of digital biomarkers. Chemoprevention approaches for high-risk individuals are discussed, with evidence suggesting a reduced likelihood of PC development in diabetic patients receiving metformin or aspirin. Conclusion. Despite recent progress, the majority of pancreatic cancer cases continue to be diagnosed at advanced stages. Early detection and prompt treatment remain the most effective means of improving outcomes. A comprehensive diagnostic approach that integrates laboratory, imaging, and histopathological data with artificial intelligence-based tools holds promise for facilitating earlier disease identification.