The State of International Human Rights Law on Sexual and Reproductive Health: An Overview

This paper provides an overview of states’ current obligations concerning key areas of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) under United Nations (UN) international human rights law. It emphasizes that SRHR are grounded in international treaties and acknowledged as fundamental human rights, and highlights the importance of their ongoing development. The analysis focuses on UN treaty body standards related to maternal health, contraceptive access, abortion, and sexuality education, while also identifying gaps in standards—particularly in areas such as menstrual health, assisted reproductive technologies, and self-care. Despite notable progress in the realization of SRHR, significant inequalities and rights violations persist, disproportionately affecting marginalized populations. The paper stresses the significance of these standards and advocates for their continuous evolution, emphasizing the need for greater consistency between human rights bodies and identifying areas where legal and policy development should be prioritized to ensure equitable and effective realization of SRHR for all.