Exploring the Effect of Carica papaya Leaf Extract on Platelets, Coagulation, and Tissue Morphology

Background: Platelets play a crucial role in wound healing and clot formation. They are derived from megakaryocytes. A low platelet count, known as thrombocytopenia, is a warning sign and is notably associated with many diseases, such as dengue fever. Due to the limited therapies available, researchers are exploring natural remedies. Carica papaya leaves, which have a long history of global usage for dengue treatment, are considered effective. Herbal therapy is emerging as a viable solution, rooted in the historical use of medicinal plants. This study focuses on the impact of Carica papaya leaves on platelet count and other hematological and hemostatic parameters, aiming to validate Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE’s) therapeutic potential. Methodology: The study was carried out over a period of one month. 12 male Wistar rats were used and divided into three groups (n=4): Control, Single dosage, and Double dosage groups. 400mg/kg dose of CPLE was administered in a single dosage, and 800mg/kg was administered in a double dosage group through orally. After dosing, blood samples were collected for CBC and other tests. Bleeding and clotting times were noticed, histology and blood smears were also examined. One-way ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis, and post hoc testing was used to compare groups. P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study bleeding and clotting times were significantly increased in double dosage groups (P < 0.005). Hb levels, RBC and WBC counts were found significantly decreased in both single and double dosage groups (P <0.05, P < 0.01), respectively. Platelet count was significantly increased in the double dosage group (P < 0.005). Histological examination showed normal histological results across all groups, while the blood smear study showed normal blood cell morphology. Conclusion: This study concludes that the Carica papaya Leaf Extract has promising potential to enhance blood platelet levels. Whereas CPLE may adversely affect other hematological and hemostatic parameters. The single dosage (400 mg/kg) demonstrated more stable and favorable outcomes compared to the double dosage (800 mg/kg).