Artificial Intelligence: An Interdisciplinary Review of Emerging Paradigms in the Humanities

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into the humanities has fundamentally transformed traditional modes of inquiry, interpretation, and knowledge production. This article offers a systematic and integrative review of how AI is reconfiguring humanistic inquiry across three interconnected domains: linguistics and literary studies, historical and cultural analysis, and philosophy and ethics. Drawing on scholarship published between 2010 and 2025, the review synthesises key methodological innovations and critical debates emerging within Digital Humanities and related interdisciplinary fields. It examines how AI-enabled approaches expand textual scholarship through large-scale pattern detection, authorship analysis, and discursive mapping, while also transforming historical and cultural research through computational history and cultural analytics. At the same time, the article highlights significant philosophical and ethical concerns, particularly regarding interpretive authority, algorithmic bias, epistemic opacity, and moral responsibility. Positioning AI as an epistemic actor rather than a neutral tool, the review argues that the central challenge is not whether AI can assist humanities research, but how it can be integrated without compromising critical judgment, cultural sensitivity, and ethical accountability.