The Role of Apelin in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Introduction: This study is the first to examine the connection between apelin levels in individuals suffering from chronic periodontitis (CP) and those with co-existing type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Apelin is recognised for its anti-inflammatory and anti-glycaemic properties. Looking ahead, a targeted therapeutic dose of apelin might lower the severity of periodontal disease by reducing inflammation. Our current study plans to measure serum apelin levels across three groups: Patients with CP, those with both CP and T2DM, and healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 180 subjects took part in this study, divided into three equal groups. Group A included healthy individuals, Group B consisted of patients with CP and Group C comprised those diagnosed with both CP and T2DM. We evaluated probing pocket depth (PPD) and serum apelin (Advanced placement) levels. Serum apelin was precisely measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software. Results: Our findings show a significantly higher serum apelin concentration ( P ≤ 0.05) in the CP + T2DM group (24.0 ± 3.78 ng/dl). Apelin levels decreased progressively in the CP group (15.4 ± 2.01 ng/dl) and were lowest in healthy individuals (7.6 ± 1.18 ng/dl). At the same time, PPD was also significantly increased in individuals with CP + T2DM. Conclusion: Our findings show significant apelin expression in individuals with CP and T2DM, indicating these adipokines play an important role in both inflammation and glucose regulation. This suggests the potential of using apelin as a treatment for periodontitis future.