Abscopal effect following combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy in pulmonary metastases

Abscopal effect refers to the shrinkage or regression of metastatic tumours that are distant from the irradiated field. Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy can increase the occurrence of the abscopal effect. This case report describes a female patient with lung metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma who exhibited shrinkage and regression of non-irradiated lung lesions following combined radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The patient is currently stable and remains on treatment and follow-up. We discuss the potential mechanisms of the abscopal effect to provide clinical evidence supporting the combined use of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.