Industrial Symbiosis: A Solution to the Spread of Non-indigenous Crayfish and Crayfish Plague from the Desire to Fish Crayfish?

Abstract The objectives of our article are to describe causalities on the impact on crayfish from introduction of the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci (Shikora) to Europe and to explore possibilities to govern and improve the situation for Astacus astacus (Linné) through establishment of production of renewable energy. The anthropegenic spread of A. astaci is driven by the introduction of non-indigenous crayfish species (NICS) associated with A. astaci and impacts survival of European indigenous crayfish species such as A. astacus severely. To conserve A. astacus reintroduction of crayfish populations with genetics similar to the original ones into water bodies without presence of NICS is recommended. Lack of populations to reintroduce might increase introductions of NICS. However, heated water from the production of renewable energy in P2X systems is an opportunity to create biosecure areas preserving crayfish and producing crayfish suitable for reintroduction. P2X means that surplus from renewable energy production is converted to something else (X). We found a need for further research on how industrial symbiosis and regulations on environmental hazardous activity can be used to improve the situation for A. astacus, on how to connect an industry with surplus of heat and oxygen in a biosecure way to a crayfish farm, and how to maintain a crayfish farm for reintroduction purposes for a very long time.