'Is there a happy ending?': A qualitative study on the workplace violence experiences of female physiotherapists in Spain.

<h2>Abstract</h2><h3>Objectives</h3> To explore the experiences of female physiotherapists facing workplace violence. <h3>Design</h3> A descriptive phenomenological approach. <h3>Participants and setting</h3> Twenty-two Spanish female physiotherapists from both public and private practice settings were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. <h3>Methods</h3> Data were collected through individualized semi-structured interviews. Interviews averaged 40minutes, were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim in Spanish, and analysed. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis with ATLAS.ti computer software. <h3>Results</h3> Four main themes were identified: (1) <i>characterizing workplace violence against physiotherapists</i>, which includes physical and verbal aggression, as well as sexual harassment, primarily perpetrated by patients, their relatives, and occasionally superiors; (2) <i>socialization and reporting of workplace violence</i>, where participants often refrained from sharing or reporting incidents due to shame, fear of retaliation, or perceived impunity; (3) <i>coping styles and consequences of workplace violence</i>, which ranged from minimisation and emotional distancing to significant psychological distress, professional devaluation, and, in some cases, resignation; and (4) <i>prevention of workplace violence</i>, highlighting the importance of setting clear boundaries, developing protocols, improving workplace safety measures, and providing training on violence prevention and labour rights. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Physiotherapists experience physical, verbal, and sexual violence, mainly from patients and their relatives, causing significant emotional impact. Underreporting is driven by fear of retaliation and perceived impunity. Preventive strategies, training on violent behaviour, workplace protocols, and improved policies are essential to ensure their safety and protection. <h3>Contribution of paper</h3> <ul><li>•Patients and family members were identified as the main perpetrators, with incidents of sexual harassment, physical aggression, and verbal abuse.</li></ul><ul><li>•Workplace violence has a significant psychological impact, prompting physiotherapists to adopt strategies to cope and protect themselves.</li></ul> <ul><li>•The implementation of safety measures, training in labour rights, and awareness campaigns targeting patients and families is essential.</li></ul>