Synthesis of Rare Earth Doped <scp> SrTiO ₃ </scp> Ceramic Capacitors for Energy Storage Applications

ABSTRACT High performance Sr 1− x Gd x TiO 3 ( x = 0–0.030) GST ceramic capacitors were prepared by ball milling and sintering. Phase structure and microstructure were explored, the dielectric characteristics dependence was studied in relation to frequency and temperature, high voltage breakdown testing, and PE testing were also carried out. By Gd doping at different compositions, lattice contraction/expansion occurred depending on the substitution sites of Gd 3+ ions. By Gd doping, the single cubic perovskite structure was retained, and the grain structure was refined by doping with Gd 3+ ions. A good set of dielectric properties was achieved for 2.0 GST, which included a very high dielectric constant of 4800, high capacitance of 1500 pF, low dielectric loss of 0.05 with good break‐down strength of 5.12 kV/mm, and highest volumetric energy density of 558 kJ/m 3 .