Inflammatory and Complement Biomarkers of Cognitive Decline in Astrocyte‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles from the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging

These findings highlight the potential of AEV-derived inflammatory and complement proteins as biomarkers of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in TBI-exposed aging populations. The persistence of inflammatory abnormalities in AEVs years after TBI suggests a chronic neuroinflammatory response that may underlie increased AD risk. Future work will examine interactions between inflammatory and neurodegenerative AEV biomarkers to refine risk prediction models for cognitive impairment in TBI populations.