The 2D Materials Roadmap
Abstract The advent of 2D materials has revolutionized condensed matter physics and materials science, offering unprecedented opportunities to explore exotic physical phenomena, engineer novel functionalities, and address critical technological challenges across diverse fields. Over the past two decades, the exploration of 2D materials has expanded beyond graphene, encompassing a vast library of atomically thin crystals and their heterostructures. These materials exhibit extraordinary electronic, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties, and hold promise for breakthroughs in electronics, optoelectronics, quantum technologies, energy storage, catalysis, thermal management, filtration and separation, and beyond. Many exciting new physics and phenomena continue to emerge, while select 2D materials, such as graphene, h-BN, and the semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), are transitioning from laboratory-scale demonstrations to industrial applications. In this context, a holistic understanding of synthesis, structure-property relationships, integration, and performance optimization is essential. This roadmap reviews the multifaceted challenges and opportunities in 2D materials research, focusing on the synthesis, properties and applications of representative systems including graphene and its derivatives, TMDCs, MXenes as well as their heterostructures and moiré systems.
Authors
- Markus Borsch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6152-1921)
- R. Huber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-9283)
- Patrice Simon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-8268)
- Amy Carl (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-1636)
- Mark C. Hersam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4120-1426)
- Joan Marie Redwing (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7906-452X)
- Thomas Olsen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-9284)
- Yue Qi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3797-0202)
- Bill Qu
- Su Jin Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5356-7308)
- Matthew Yankowitz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5637-9203)
- Oliver J. Burton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-1714)
- S. Dai
- S. Roche
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1988-0290)
- Roshan Krishna Kumar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0857-4466)
- Rahul R. Nair (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7972-8250)
- Stephan Hofmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6375-1459)
- Max C. Lemme (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-2411)
- Mian Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-7456)
- Robert J. Young (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-2205)
- Fengnian Xia
- Quan Hong Yang
- Ki Kang Kim
- Qilin Hua
- Bilu Liu
- Xinliang Feng
- Hui Deng
- Julien Barrier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6484-2157)
- Zhihao Yu
- Guozhen Shen
- Young Hee Lee
- Yi Xie
- Prof Dr Dmitri K Efetov
- Igor Aharonovich
- Jack Allen Alexander-Webber
- Andrea C Ferrari
- Yu Long
- Andrew Pollard
- Luzhao Sun
- Tian-Ling Ren
- Saptarshi Das
- Johanna Rosen
- Yury Gogotsi
- Dmitri Basov
- Hao-Bin Zhang
- Wanqin Jin
- Wencai Ren
- Konstantin S Novoselov
- Nikhil A Koratkar
- Mackillo Kira
- Xinran Wang
- Chong Min Koo
- Xiaoqin Li
- Yan Xu
- Hui-Ming Cheng
- Zhong-Shuai Wu
- Roman Gorbachev
- Jong-Hyun Ahn
- Xiao Wang
- Bjarke S Jessen
- Peter Boggild
- Dan Li
- Yang Cao
- Kristian Sommer Thygesen
- Vittorio Pellegrini
- Frank Koppens
- Kaicheng Jia
- Nick Clark
- Qing Huang
- Zhongfan Liu
Publication Details
- Journal
- Apollo (University of Cambridge)
- Published
- 2026-01-09
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.124565
- Primary Topic
- 2D Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Yale University
- Northwestern University
- Villum Fonden
- Graphene Flagship
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- Ministry of Education - Singapore
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- Hubei University of Technology
- Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Novo Nordisk
- Ministry of Education, India
- Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Bộ Giáo dục và Ðào tạo
- Department of Education of Guangdong Province
- Institute for Basic Science
- Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea
- Hubei University
- Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars
- Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province
- Office of Naval Research
- Division of Materials Research
- Army Research Office
- Office of Naval Research Global