A minimal physiological model of perceptual suppression and breakthrough in visual rivalry

Visual rivalry paradigms provide a powerful tool for probing the mechanisms of visual awareness and perceptual suppression. Although the dynamics and determinants of perceptual switches in visual rivalry have been extensively studied and modeled, recent advances in experimental design-particularly those that quantify the depth and variability of perceptual suppression-have outpaced the development of computational models. Here we extend an existing dynamical model of binocular rivalry to encompass two novel experimental paradigms: a threshold detection variant of binocular rivalry, and tracking continuous flash suppression. Together, these tasks provide complementary measures of the dynamics and magnitude of perceptual suppression. Through numerical simulation, we demonstrate that a single mechanism, competitive (hysteretic) inhibition between slowly adapting monocular populations, is sufficient to account for the suppression depth findings across both paradigms. This unified model offers a foundation for the development of a quantitative theory of perceptual suppression in visual rivalry.