Advancements in unilateral biportal endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion: a narrative review

ULIF represents a safe and effective minimally invasive alternative for treating various lumbar spine disorders. However, its widespread adoption is constrained by its technical demands, a specific complication profile, and unresolved questions regarding its cost-effectiveness and long-term radiological benefits. Future high-quality research, particularly multicenter Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), is necessary to definitively establish its long-term efficacy, standardize surgical techniques, and optimize patient safety.