Subsequent-line Systemic Therapy for Metastatic or Recurrent Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review of Efficacy, Toxicity, and Outcomes
No standard systemic therapy exists beyond first-line treatment for metastatic or recurrent PSCC. Targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors show encouraging activity in biomarker-selected subgroups. Prospective biomarker-guided trials and international collaborations are needed, while multidisciplinary management and clinical trial enrollment remain essential for optimizing outcomes for this rare malignancy.
Authors
- Constantine Alifrangis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5876-6696)
- Hussain M. Alnajjar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6364-0310)
- Radion Garaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3473-4446)
- Igor Tsaur (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-4466)
- Asif Muneer
- Mahmoud Ziada
- Jack Crozier
- Karl H. Pang
Institutions
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen (DE)
- University College London (GB)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- European Urology Focus
- Published
- 2026-01-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2025.12.016
- Primary Topic
- Genital Health and Disease
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00