Abstracts of the 3rd International Online Conference on Vaccines, 26–28 November 2025

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains one of the most common infectious diseases worldwide.Considering that Mtb primarily infects the lungs, it may be more effective to match the route of infection to the route of vaccination when developing TB vaccines, in order to stimulate both systemic and mucosal immunity.This study explores the development and evaluation of a novel mucosal TB vaccine utilizing TB multi-epitopes.Methods: The vaccine candidate was developed by engineering recombinant epitopes, including Ag85b, Acr, and RpfE, combined with SIgA.The constructs were cloned into AAV vectors.AAV vectors carrying the construct were co-transduced into mammary gland of goat, and milk was collected.The chimeric protein was purified from milk.BALB/c mice (n = 5 per group) were divided into four main groups:PBS only, BCG + PBS, chimeric protein (Prot), and BCG with protein (BCG-Prot).The mice were immunized with 10 g/mL chimeric protein intranasally, weekly, for three doses.After two weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and their splenocytes were cultured to evaluate their cellular responses.The IgG and IgA levels in serum, saliva, and lung lavage were measured using ELISA.