Nighttime thermoelectric power generation beyond 1 W/m2 achieved with concentrated photothermal storage

Amid growing environmental challenges, autonomous sensing technologies have become essential tools for sustainable development by reducing dependence on traditional energy sources. Through an unconventional approach, we employ concentrated optical systems to enable nighttime power generation, extending the traditionally daytime-restricted use of solar energy. We achieve nighttime power generation at a density of 1.2 W/m 2 for the first time in thermoelectric systems, surpassing previous experimental limitations and setting a new benchmark in renewable energy technology. Furthermore, we demonstrate an autonomous sensing application that utilizes the generated nighttime thermoelectric power, highlighting the feasibility and promise of this approach for continuous, sustainable energy use. • Employed optical concentration to enhance TEG efficiency for continuous power generation. • Surpassed thermoelectric benchmarks with theoretical and experimental validation. • Achieved 1.2 W/m 2 nighttime power density using concentrated optics in TEG systems. • Supports autonomous sensing, enabling diverse applications in sustainable energy systems.