Recent Advances in the Construction of Energy Storage Functional Materials Utilizing Electrochemical Exfoliation and Dispersion Technology

ABSTRACT Electrochemical exfoliation (ECE) and dispersion technologies, as typical top‐down electrochemical methods, exhibit outstanding advantages of being green, efficient, controllable, and scalable in the preparation of functional nanomaterials. ECE leverages an “intercalation–exfoliation” mechanism for the efficient and controllable production of few‐/single‐layer two‐dimensional (2D) materials for energy storage. Electrochemical dispersion (ECD) is an efficient one‐step method to prepare metal‐based electrode nanomaterials, utilizing synergistic anodic oxidation and electric double‐layer effects to transform bulk raw materials into functionalized nanomaterials with better dispersibility. This review systematically analyzes the electrochemical formation mechanisms of these two ways for synthesizing electrode materials under both direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) power supplies. It centers on the mechanistic principles of two key approaches: the use of ECE to control the structure and properties of 2D layered electrodes, and the application of ECD to synthesize and optimize functionalized metal‐based materials for energy storage devices. As promising electrochemical strategies for nanomaterial synthesis, ECE and ECD offer considerable promise for constructing and tailoring the properties of advanced energy storage electrodes.