Whole-brain meso-vein imaging in living humans using fast 7-T MRI

Noninvasive measurement of the human brain's angioarchitecture is essential for understanding functional neuroimaging signals, diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases, and tracking neurodegeneration. Ultrahigh-field MRI now enables mesoscopic (<0.5 millimeters) imaging, revealing vascular details previously inaccessible in vivo. Yet current approaches face two barriers: Scan times often exceed 40 minutes, and the conventional visualization methods remain limited for navigating the vasculature. Here, we present a fast whole-brain MRI protocol that resolves the venous network at 0.35 millimeters in under 7 minutes. We also introduce processing and visualization techniques that distinguish vessel types and more intuitively navigate the vasculature. These advances allow in vivo reproduction of the seminal vasculature images of Henri M. Duvernoy and provide whole-brain intracortical meso-vein maps in humans. Our methods lay the groundwork for detailed examination of vascular organization across individuals, brain regions, and cortical layers. More generally, these methods make mesoscopic imaging of angioarchitecture viable for broad neuroscientific and clinical applications.