Social Learning Theory and Gateway Hypothesis as a Causal Pathway Linking Rule-Breaking Peer Association to Marijuana Use via Nicotine Vaping

The gateway hypothesis posits that the use of some "gateway drugs" may precipitate initiation of use of other drugs. A commonly examined pathway in this regard is the use of tobacco/nicotine leading to the use of marijuana. There is a dearth of research that has examined nicotine vaping specifically as a predictor of marijuana and that has integrated social learning processes of rule-breaking peer association into this pathway. The present study sought to address these gaps in the literature by examining nicotine vaping as a mediator of the relationship between rule-breaking peer association and marijuana use. The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development data were analyzed. Generalized structural equation modeling was used to assess relationships of interest. Greater rule-breaking peer association predicted increased marijuana use risk at follow-up. Nicotine vaping was a significant mediator here, accounting for about 8% of this relationship. Implications are discussed.