Implementation Punctuation: The Role of Feedback, Narratives, and Implementation in the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

ABSTRACT Based on the Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET) and implementation research, this study proposes an extended conceptualization of policy punctuation that enables researchers to systematically include policy implementation as part of a punctuation. The key mechanisms underlying the PET, i.e., policy image and venue, information processing, and institutional friction, are complemented with insights from implementation research to investigate positive and negative feedback during policy implementation—and thus punctuation at this stage of a policy change process. I label this concept as implementation punctuation. A mixed‐method approach is applied to investigate the policy change dynamics of the Swiss Child and Adult Protection Policy over 17 years. Findings indicate that the PET key mechanisms play an equally important role in shaping an implementation punctuation as they do in the preceding phases. Changes in venues and the policy image that attracted attention led to the creation of a positive feedback loop during the implementation of the case studied, which prevented the new policy from reaching equilibrium. Thus, the concept offers a way to analyze a prolonged period of instability after policy adoption. Investigating PET key mechanisms during implementation helps policy scholars to understand the course and duration of a policy punctuation.