Multi-Objective Optimization of Medical Waste Management with Scheduling Considerations

Due to the infectious nature of medical waste, it must be treated both immediately and urgently. Previous literature has considered the facility allocation of medical waste amongst the different treatment facilities. However, in real-world applications, multiple facilities are being used as part of a single pathway, and a treatment deadline is imposed. Despite this, no studies have simultaneously considered optimizing facility allocation and scheduling of medical waste management facilities. In this study, a multi-objective mathematical optimization model is formulated that allocates waste among the different facilities and identifies when to start each process by simultaneously optimizing cost and environmental impact. A case study was solved, resulting in the costs of €44,345.93 and a Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) output of 902.27 units. A scenario analysis was then provided to understand further the model’s behaviour when facility allocation and scheduling are not done simultaneously. Results reveal insights as to when to process waste immediately or to wait for the next period.