Challenges and Prospects of Chitosan-based Cosmetics as Safe and Sustainable Products for Swimmers

The widespread use of chlorine-based disinfectants in swimming pools, although effective for microbial control, is associated with the formation of various chlorination by-products (CBPs), many of which harm human health. Prolonged exposure to these compounds through inhalation and dermal absorption increases the detrimental effects on the skin, hair, and respiratory system of individuals such as swimmers and pool staff. Chitosan, a naturally derived biopolymer, has garnered considerable attention due to its biocompatibility, film-forming ability, and moisture retention characteristics. The reactive amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan can also be easily modified to enhance its functionality for targeted applications. These features render chitosan a promising candidate for mitigating the harmful effects of CBPs. This review explores the potential role of chitosan in the formulation of personal care products designed to address the adverse effects of exposure to CBPs. The development of such functionalized, chitosan-based materials represents a sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to personal care. Further innovation in this field may facilitate the creation of advanced self-care products that support both the health and performance of swimming athletes, while contributing to the broader goal of green product development in the personal care industry.