The Government–NGO Partnerships in Service Delivery: Strategic Roles and Challenges under Uncertainty for Equitable Performance

This study examines the dynamics and challenges of Government–NGO partnerships in service provision within Palestine. In the context of limited resources, NGOs have emerged as critical actors in health, education, humanitarian relief, and other essential sectors, complementing governmental efforts. Using a qualitative Delphi method, conducted in three iterative rounds between June and August 2023 with 44 experts from government, NGOs, academia, and the private sector, the study identified 75 challenges to effective collaboration. These were categorized into six themes: structural misalignments, procedural differences, unclear roles and responsibilities, deficits in trust and communication, power asymmetries, and weak legislative frameworks. Trust deficits (91%), lack of coordination mechanisms (88%), and misaligned objectives (72%) emerged as the most critical barriers. The findings highlight the need to establish formal coordination platforms, clarify roles, enact supportive legislation, and balance power relations. Addressing these gaps is essential to foster sustainable, strategic partnerships.