GenSwarm: Scalable Multi-Robot Code-Policy Generation and Deployment via Language Models

The development of control policies for multi-robot systems traditionally follows a complex and labor-intensive process, often lacking the flexibility to adapt to dynamic tasks. This has motivated research on methods to automatically create control policies. However, these methods require iterative processes of manually crafting and refining objective functions, thereby prolonging the development cycle. This work introduces GenSwarm, an end-to-end system that leverages large language models to automatically generate and deploy control policies for real-world multi-robot systems based on user instructions in natural language. As a multi-language-agent system, GenSwarm achieves zero-shot learning, enabling rapid adaptation to altered or unseen tasks. The white-box nature of the code policies ensures strong reproducibility and interpretability. With its scalable software and hardware architectures, GenSwarm supports efficient and automated policy deployment on both simulated and real-world multi-robot systems, realizing an instruction-to-execution end-to-end functionality that may transform the development paradigm of multi-robot systems in the future.

Authors

Institutions

Publication Details

Journal
npj Robotics
Published
2026-01-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s44182-025-00065-w
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
52.10

Funders

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article

GenSwarm: Scalable Multi-Robot Code-Policy Generation and Deployment via Language Models

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npj Robotics
Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
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article

GenSwarm: Scalable Multi-Robot Code-Policy Generation and Deployment via Language Models

Rui Zhou, Wenkang Ji, Guobin Zhu, Roderich Gros, Shiyu Zhao, Ming Cao, Mingyang Chen, Lufeng Xu, Huaben Chen
article en
2 citations

Abstract

The development of control policies for multi-robot systems traditionally follows a complex and labor-intensive process, often lacking the flexibility to adapt to dynamic tasks. This has motivated research on methods to automatically create control policies. However, these methods require iterative processes of manually crafting and refining objective functions, thereby prolonging the development cycle. This work introduces GenSwarm, an end-to-end system that leverages large language models to automatically generate and deploy control policies for real-world multi-robot systems based on user instructions in natural language. As a multi-language-agent system, GenSwarm achieves zero-shot learning, enabling rapid adaptation to altered or unseen tasks. The white-box nature of the code policies ensures strong reproducibility and interpretability. With its scalable software and hardware architectures, GenSwarm supports efficient and automated policy deployment on both simulated and real-world multi-robot systems, realizing an instruction-to-execution end-to-end functionality that may transform the development paradigm of multi-robot systems in the future.

npj RoboticsVol. 4(1)
University of Groningen (NL), Westlake University (CN), Technische Universität Darmstadt (DE), Beihang University (CN), University of Sheffield (GB)
European Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
Decent work and economic growth
Openalex Percentile: Top 1%
Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
52.10
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