A review of the fabrication of twisted two-dimensional material moiré structures

Abstract Stacking two layers of two-dimensional (2D) materials at a twisted angle produces the Moiré structure, which can give rise to novel quantum-correlated states. The topology, periodicity, and direction of the resulting Moiré superlattice are strongly influenced by the twist angle, making it crucial to prepare stacked 2D structures with controllable angles to precisely regulate the properties of 2D materials. This review outlines the topological design principles of Moiré patterns, investigates the impact of twist angles on their morphology and periodicity, and summarizes the diverse properties exhibited by 2D systems at different twist angles. The fabrication methods for twisted 2D structures, such as direct growth and artificial manipulation, are analyzed alongside strategies for accurate twist angle control. Additionally, this review highlights state-of-the-art ultraclean transfer in vacuum, in-situ dynamic twisting technologies and the development of novel multilayer twisted 2D structures. Finally, the remaining challenges in the fabrication of twisted 2D Moiré structures are discussed, along with potential solutions to address these challenges.