Fragmented healthcare and effective maternal coverage in Mexico, 2009–2023

Fragmented maternal healthcare trajectories substantially reduce the likelihood of effective coverage, disproportionately affecting socioeconomically and ethnically disadvantaged populations. The observed reduction in EMHC underscores that fragmentation is not merely a clinical or operational issue, but a structural challenge that requires reforms to improve the coordination of care. Strengthening integration across maternal care networks, ensuring interoperability of health information systems, and adopting continuity-based financing models are critical to improving coordination. Addressing FHC could prevent incomplete or unsafe care and accelerate progress toward universal health coverage. These findings offer actionable lessons for Mexico and other middle-income countries confronting health system fragmentation.