Simultaneous Convergence and Divergence: A Global Generation Paradigm Perspective on Gen Z Work Values

This study explores Generation Z’s work values through the lens of the global generation paradigm, which argues that digitalization and cross-cultural interaction foster shared value clusters beyond national boundaries. A cross-cultural survey was conducted with 1,934 respondents (ages 18–26) from the USA, Germany, Japan, and Türkiye, representing diverse cultural contexts in Hofstede’s dimensions of individualism–collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. Work values were assessed using Lyons et al.’s (2010) 32-item scale across four dimensions: instrumental, cognitive, social, and prestige. Analyses (CFA, MANOVA, ANOVA, planned contrasts, ANCOVA) revealed a hybrid pattern of convergence and divergence. Cognitive values such as learning, development, and creativity were consistently emphasized across all countries, supporting the global generation paradigm. However, instrumental, social, and prestige values differed significantly: collectivist cultures (Türkiye, Japan) stressed security, belonging, and prestige, while individualist cultures (USA, Germany) prioritized autonomy and achievement. Gender and country × gender interactions showed no significant effects. These findings introduce the notion of ‘simultaneous convergence and divergence,’ a hybrid conceptual lens that extends the global generation paradigm by reconciling cultural convergence and divergence perspectives. This theoretical contribution provides a more integrative framework for understanding how generational values evolve within both global and local contexts