Integrating NLP and Ensemble Learning into Next-Generation Firewalls for Robust Malware Detection in Edge Computing

As edge computing becomes increasingly central to modern digital infrastructure, it also creates opportunities for sophisticated malware attacks that traditional security systems struggle to address. This study proposes a natural language processing (NLP) framework integrated with ensemble learning into next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) to detect and mitigate malware attacks in edge computing environments. The approach leverages unstructured threat intelligence (e.g., cybersecurity reports, logs) by applying NLP techniques, such as TF-IDF vectorization, to convert textual data into structured insights. This process uncovers hidden patterns and entity relationships within system logs. By combining Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR) in a soft voting ensemble, the proposed model achieves 95% accuracy on a cyber threat intelligence dataset augmented with synthetic data to address class imbalance, and 98% accuracy on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. The study was validated using ANOVA to assess statistical robustness and confusion matrix analysis, both of which confirmed low error rates. The system enhances detection rates and adaptability, providing a scalable defense layer optimized for resource-constrained, latency-sensitive edge environments.

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Publication Details

Journal
Sensors
Published
2026-01-09
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020424
Primary Topic
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Integrating NLP and Ensemble Learning into Next-Generation Firewalls for Robust Malware Detection in Edge Computing

Ramahlapane Lerato Moila, Prof Mthulisi Velempini
Sensors
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
article

Integrating NLP and Ensemble Learning into Next-Generation Firewalls for Robust Malware Detection in Edge Computing

Ramahlapane Lerato Moila, Prof Mthulisi Velempini
article en

Abstract

As edge computing becomes increasingly central to modern digital infrastructure, it also creates opportunities for sophisticated malware attacks that traditional security systems struggle to address. This study proposes a natural language processing (NLP) framework integrated with ensemble learning into next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) to detect and mitigate malware attacks in edge computing environments. The approach leverages unstructured threat intelligence (e.g., cybersecurity reports, logs) by applying NLP techniques, such as TF-IDF vectorization, to convert textual data into structured insights. This process uncovers hidden patterns and entity relationships within system logs. By combining Random Forest (RF) and Logistic Regression (LR) in a soft voting ensemble, the proposed model achieves 95% accuracy on a cyber threat intelligence dataset augmented with synthetic data to address class imbalance, and 98% accuracy on the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset. The study was validated using ANOVA to assess statistical robustness and confusion matrix analysis, both of which confirmed low error rates. The system enhances detection rates and adaptability, providing a scalable defense layer optimized for resource-constrained, latency-sensitive edge environments.

SensorsVol. 26(2)
University of Limpopo (ZA)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 94%
Network Security and Intrusion Detection
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