Multi-targeted inhibition of NF-κB signaling underlies the anti-osteoarthritic effects of BGJXF and its key component dehydrocorydaline

Collectively, these findings indicate that BGJXF, driven by dehydrocorydaline, exerts chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects primarily through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway via a multi-target mechanism. The overall therapeutic efficacy of BGJXF may be mediated by its modulation of the dual-pathology axis of "glycometabolic stress-hypoxic injury," which is formed by the AGE-RAGE and HIF-1 signaling pathways. This study lays a pharmacological foundation for the application of BGJXF as a multi-target therapeutic strategy for the management of KOA.