A Spatially Controllable DNA Origami-Based T-Cell Cluster Engager for Precise Tumor Elimination

T cell-engaging therapy represents a cutting-edge approach in immuno-oncology that harnesses the power of the immune system to combat cancer. Despite its promise, challenges related to efficacy and safety limit its broader clinical application. Here we introduce SpTCE, a spatially controllable T-cell cluster engager based on DNA origami technology. SpTCE features an elegant two-layer architecture built on a DNA origami chassis. The inner functional layer is engineered to organize multiple, multivalent engaging antibodies and complementary hand-in-hand strands, which work together to enhance T-cell clustering and activation. The outer shielding layer integrates albumin binding domains with i-motif switches, which form a pH-responsive albumin coat and serve two functions: isolating the inner layer from healthy tissues and improving the structural stability of the DNA origami through an albumin coat. We validate acidic pH-triggered, specific T-cell cytotoxicity of SpTCE against tumor cells in vitro and observe the substantial intratumoral accumulation and improved physiological stability in vivo. As a proof of concept, we show that SpTCE effectively redirects T cells to eliminate tumors with high specificity and a more favorable off-tumor toxicity profile than a clinical-stage bispecific T cell engager. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of SpTCE as a promising T-cell engager, offering precise control over T-cell activation while balancing efficacy and safety, and expanding the possibilities for advanced immuno-oncology treatments.