Schistosomal appendicitis in Qatar: a rare parasitic cause of acute appendicitis in a non-endemic region

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, but its parasitic causes are often overlooked, particularly in non-endemic regions. Schistosomiasis, which affects over 250 million people globally, can rarely lead to schistosomal appendicitis (SA). A 32-year-old Filipino woman presented with acute right iliac fossa pain, vomiting, and loose stools. Clinical and imaging findings were consistent with appendicitis, and she underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy. Histopathological analysis revealed multiple calcified <i>Schistosoma</i> ova in the appendiceal wall, confirming SA. The patient recovered uneventfully and was referred to the Infectious Diseases department for further management. This case represents the third reported instance of SA in Qatar. SA is clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from typical appendicitis and is usually diagnosed retrospectively via histopathology. SA should be considered in the differential diagnosis of appendicitis in migrants from endemic regions. Routine histopathological examination of appendectomy specimens is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate postoperative care.