Benefits and risks of herbal medicine use during pregnancy on offspring outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies

For women undergoing assisted reproduction or those at increased risk of miscarriage, certain herbal medicines may offer potential benefits during pregnancy. Overall, evidence from RCTs and adjusted observational studies does not indicate a clear increase in adverse offspring outcomes associated with prenatal herbal medicine use. Nonetheless, a few herbs have been linked to potential safety concerns, although the supporting evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Cautious use is advised, particularly for products without robust data on fetal and long-term postnatal safety.