Integrated Training Program for Rugby Sevens: A Multivariate Approach of Motor, Functional, and Metabolic Components

Purpose: This study assessed the adaptations resulting from implementing an experimental, integrated training program tailored to sex-specific traits. The aim was to enhance motor abilities, aerobic capacity, and metabolic variables in female and male rugby sevens athletes. Methods: Employing a combined observational and experimental design, initial and post-intervention assessments were conducted over three months (March–June 2023) with 24 elite professional players, divided equally by sex (12 females, 12 males). The protocol consisted of 12 micro-cycles, each lasting 7 days and comprising 12 training sessions. The evaluations included sprint and jumping tests, as well as functional assessments such as resting metabolic rate and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results: Using one-way repeated measures ANOVA, significant improvements were noted across all performance parameters (p < 0.001), with effect sizes ranging from small to very large. Sex-specific differences were evident, with females demonstrating consistent improvements in aerobic capacity and jumping ability, while males excelled in explosive power and longer sprints. Despite initial performance disparities, both sexes improved in short-distance sprints (10 m and 40 m). Cardiovascular efficiency improved as indicated by reduced maximum heart rates and lower respiratory quotients. Conclusions: Males showed superior progress in strength and explosive power tests, reflecting distinct physiological traits. These findings underscore the need for individualized and sex-specific training programs to optimize performance in high-intensity sports, such as rugby sevens.