Symbolism and Survival: Insights from South Indian Prehistoric Rock Art and Cave Shelters

Abstract Prehistoric rock art and cave shelters in South India provide invaluable insights into the lives, beliefs, and survival strategies of early human communities. These ancient creations serve as a dual testament to the symbolic expressions and practical adaptations of prehistoric societies. This study explores how symbolism in rock art reflects the spiritual, social, and cultural frameworks of the time, while also examining the role of cave shelters in ensuring physical survival. The recurring motifs, such as depictions of animals, human figures, and abstract patterns, are analyzed for their potential meanings and connections to ritualistic practices, ecological awareness, and communication systems. The geographical distribution of these shelters, often strategically located near vital resources, underscores their role in survival amidst a challenging environment. By integrating perspectives from archaeology, anthropology, and art history, this research aims to decode the symbolic and functional significance of these prehistoric artifacts. Additionally, the study addresses the techniques and materials employed in creating the rock art and the challenges of preserving these fragile cultural heritages against modern threats. Ultimately, this research highlights the intricate interplay between survival and symbolism, offering a deeper understanding of how early humans in South India perceived and interacted with their world.