Short-term clinical efficacy of five-step manipulation under anaesthesia combined with arthroscopic shoulder surgery for adhesive capsulitis

Compared with simple five-step MUA, the combination therapy of five-step MUA and ACR provides superior pain relief and higher ASES functional scores at 6 months after surgery. However, operation time, postoperative hospitalisation days and hospitalisation costs correspondingly increase. Due to the small sample size and short clinical observation time, further follow-up is needed for long-term efficacy.