Technical efficiency of Tef production in the Wullbareg District, Silte Zone, Central Ethiopia Region, Ethiopia

Abstract This study evaluated the technical efficiency of Tef production in the Wullbareg District, Silte Zone, Central Ethiopia. As a staple crop in Ethiopia, Tef plays a crucial role in the country’s agricultural sector and cultural heritage, contributing to food security and supporting the livelihoods of millions of smallholder farmers. The efficiency of Tef production remains a critical concern in regions such as the Wullbareg District. This study aimed to determine efficiency levels, identify factors influencing efficiency, and propose strategies to address the challenges. Purposive and two-stage random sampling selected 257 households. The stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) method, specifically the Cobb‒Douglas production function, was employed to analyze the data, allowing for the distinction between random errors and inefficiency. Land and labour demonstrated the highest output elasticity, underscoring their critical role as primary factors influencing Tef production. The study also identified key factors, such as education level and access to extension services, significantly reducing technical inefficiency. The average technical efficiency score was 70.5%, indicating that farmers could increase their output by 29.5% without additional resources. This score highlights the gap between the actual and maximum possible production using existing resources and technology. To bridge this gap and enhance productivity, policymakers, agricultural organizations, and stakeholders should prioritize investments in training programs focused on effective land and labour management. Strengthening education and extension services will empower farmers to adopt optimal resource management techniques. By addressing these areas, the full potential of Tef production can be unlocked, ensuring strong agricultural output and promoting sustainable practices for better outcomes for farmers.