Association Between Psychological Empowerment and Work Engagement Among Rural Nurses: A Latent Profile and Moderation Analysis

Based on the study findings, nursing managers should adopt an evidence-based approach to support psychological empowerment. Particular attention should be given to early identification of nurses at higher risk for low psychological empowerment, especially those in Level 1 hospitals and internal medicine departments. Targeted interventions should also be implemented, such as establishing peer mentoring programs facilitated by highly empowered nurses, creating regular feedback mechanisms, and involving nurses in clinical decision-making processes. In addition, management should promote leadership opportunities and optimize scheduling to limit night shifts to not more than four per month. Notably, these factors have a significant association with enhanced psychological empowerment.