Financial development and monetary policy effectiveness on the Nigerian economy

Abstract This paper examines the importance of financial development in enhancing the effectiveness of monetary policy in influencing output, investment, and inflation in the Nigerian economy. Using data from 1981–2021, this study employs the feasible quasi-generalized least squares (FQGLS) estimator to measure the combined effects of financial development and monetary policy on Nigeria’s macroeconomy. The empirical analysis indicates that the different financial development indicators weaken the effectiveness of monetary policy in stimulating economic activities. Specifically, as Nigeria’s financial infrastructure advances, the traditional mechanisms through which monetary policy affects the economy become less effective, resulting in a reduced impact on real GDP growth, investment, and inflation control. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the financial sector, including the banking sector, bond market, capital market, and financial market liberalization, plays a significant role in achieving economic growth, controlling inflation, and boosting investments. In essence, understanding the influence of financial development on monetary policy effectiveness is essential for formulating a monetary policy framework that enhances output, investment, and price stability. The study recommends that regulators and policymakers focus on improving financial sector development to strengthen the monetary transmission process.