Papillary thyroid carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst: a Peruvian case series

Suspect malignancy in any persistent or enlarging midline neck mass, especially when imaging shows solid components or calcifications. FNAB may have variable diagnostic yield in cystic lesions due to low cellularity; accuracy can be improved by aspirating cystic contents first or targeting the solid components of the cyst. Treat with the Sistrunk procedure, adding total thyroidectomy and/or radioiodine based on oncologic risk and nodal involvement. Expect a generally favorable prognosis, but maintain long-term surveillance given the (low) risk of recurrence. Guidelines regarding management of thyroglossal duct cyst cancer have recently been included within ATA 2025 thyroid cancer guidelines.