How do cultural ecosystem services affect visitor emotions? Evidence from social media data in Shanghai urban parks

The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of social media text analysis for large-scale CES quantification and highlight the differentiated emotional impacts of various CES types. This integrated LDA-CES-sentiment-LMM framework provides methodological innovation for data-driven CES assessment and offers practical insights for emotion-sensitive urban park planning, visitor experience enhancement, and the design of culturally responsive public spaces.