Recent Advances on RNA-Based Molecular Therapies for Tumour Cell Targeting

Anticancer drug therapy primarily focuses on exploiting genetic alterations that already exist in tumour cells. This understanding can help to utilize the conventional therapeutics with much better results. The identification of genes whose loss of function alters the tumor growth, enhances the cytotoxic characterises or leads to enhancement in the apoptotic nature of tumor cells can be done by the use of Loss-of-function genetic screens. In this review, we summarise RNAbased therapies, including mechanisms of action, clinical applications, and advancements with nanoparticles and artificial intelligence for tumor targeting in cancer. Many techniques are being explored for the promotion of RNA tracking of intracellular activities and production of metabolic stability. The emerging role of RNA in diagnosis and treatment has been a topic of discussion in the field of medical sciences. Different types of RNAs, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), etc and Exosomes RNA delivery are being used for employment as the delivery system, which are considered as the therapeutic targeting system. 56 mRNA drugs have been in the pipeline for entering the clinical pipeline and nearly 108 oligonucleotide drugs are entering the clinical pipeline worldwide, including ASOs, siRNAs, aptamers and miRNAs. These different types, although they assist each other in their proper working and still function in very different ways. Most of these are under investigation, while some have been approved for clinical use. RNA-based therapies hold great potential for cancer treatment due to their specificity and adaptability. Continued research into improving delivery methods, reducing side effects, and exploring new RNA targets will be crucial in advancing these therapies to clinical practice.