Evaluation of Olive Cake Management Options in Jordan using Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix

Abstract This study evaluates different options for the valorisation of olive cake waste in Jordan, focusing on direct combustion, gasification, and composting. Physical/chemical, biological/ecological, sociological/cultural, and economic/operational aspects of each option are assessed using the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) procedure. The findings indicate that composting of olive cake emerges as the most favourable option, offering positive impacts on soil quality, minimal environmental and social risks, and economic benefits through job creation and value-added products. Gasification and direct combustion also show potential but may require further consideration of local context and stakeholder preferences. Overall, the study provides valuable insights for decision-makers in selecting the most suitable olive cake valorisation option in Jordan.