Potential pharmacodynamic interactions of losartan and common herbal medicines, cumin, green tea, and cinnamon in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats

The objective of the present investigation was to examine the pharmacodynamic interactions between losartan (LT) and herbal medicines, cumin (CU), green tea (GT), and cinnamon (CN) in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. The rats were given daily doses of L-NAME (40 mg/Kg) along with the herbs for 2 weeks. Their blood pressure and heart rate were measured using a tail-cuff blood pressure monitoring device. The CU treatment resulted in a reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by 7.07% and 7.36%, respectively, at 12 h as compared to L-NAME-treated rats. CU + LT caused drops in SBP and DBP of 14.25% and 20.38%, respectively. GT demonstrated a more noticeable impact on SBP and DBP (lowered by 10.72% and 13.70%, respectively). While CN administration lowered the SBP and DBP by 10.39% and 8.39% after 12 h. Both GT and CN demonstrated a more pronounced effect in combination with LT. All investigated herbs improved the heart rates of hypertensive rats. An interaction of LT and examined herbs, particularly GT and CN, produced a synergistic beneficial effect on hypertension. Nevertheless, it is imperative to avoid consuming the three studied herbs simultaneously with medications, especially those metabolized by the enzymes CYP2C9 and CYP3A4.