Discovery of Three Sub-Neptune Exoplanets Orbiting M Dwarfs with TESS

Abstract We present the discovery of three sub-Neptune exoplanets orbiting M dwarf stars: TOI-2136 b (period 7.85 days, radius R p = 2.19 ± 0.17 R ⊕ , mass M P = 6.4 ± 2.4 M ⊕ ), TOI-2084 b (period 6.08 days, radius R p = 2.47 ± 0.13 R ⊕ ), and TOI-4184 b (period 4.9 days, radius R p = 2.43 ± 0.21 R ⊕ ). All discoveries utilized TESS data combined with ground-based follow-up observations for confirmation. The location of these planets near the “radius valley” suggests diverse planetary formations around low-mass stars and holds promise for future atmospheric characterization with instruments like JWST.