Light‐Responsive Photonic Nanoparticles for Targeted Antibacterial Treatment: Bioresorbable Systems and Mechanisms

ABSTRACT The rapid rise of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacterial infections demands therapeutic strategies that bypass conventional antibiotics. Light‐responsive, bioresorbable nanomaterials offer a unique platform for targeted antimicrobial treatment by combining biodegradation‐driven safety with photonic activation modes such as photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and antimicrobial blue light (aBL). Here, we review the design principles linking composition, degradation pathways, and photophysical performance of these systems, with emphasis on reactive oxygen species generation, localized hyperthermia, and membrane disruption mechanisms. We further evaluate in vitro and in vivo antibacterial efficacy, highlighting material classes that achieve controlled clearance while minimizing off‐target toxicity. Finally, weoutline integration with portable photonic devices, real‐time monitoring systems, and emerging frameworks involving artificial intelligence (AI) and the internet of things (IoT) for precision infection control. Together, these developments establish bioresorbable photonic nanomaterials as a promising frontier in combating MDR pathogens and advancing translational antimicrobial therapies.