Molecular characterization and green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles from <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> for efficient degradation of textile dyes

The textile industry is economically vital but generates substantial wastewater, necessitating effective management for environmental sustainability. Green-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles offer promising solutions for remediating textile dye wastewater due to their contaminant degradation potential. In this study, bacteria were isolated from wastewater sample collected from textile industry through a streaking and spreading technique. The bacterium was identified through 16S rRNA which appeared to be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and it was further fermented for 7 days to extract its metabolites for the synthesis of Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were synthesized by using FeCl 3 as a precursor and characterized via FTIR, UV-vis spectroscopy, SEM, and EDX, revealing a size of 25 nm and the presence of various functional groups. Metanil yellow was identified as the predominant dye in the wastewater through GC-MS analysis. The dye degradation activity demonstrated that Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles achieved 93.04% degradation of metanil yellow. The synthesized nanoparticles were also analyzed for anti-inflammatory activity with 96% inhibition of protein denaturation and antioxidant activity with 97.63% inhibition of free radical scavenging. Therefore, this study aims to contribute toward the development of effective and sustainable strategies for the remediation of textile dye wastewater, thereby advancing environmental sustainability in the textile industry.