In Situ Detection and Characterization of Volatiles in Regolith at the Lunar Poles

This work investigates the in situ detection and characterization of volatiles, in particular water ice, in regolith at the lunar poles using electric permittivity sensors. The fundamentals of permittivity measurements are given and the instrument design explained. Employing numerical and experimental studies, the instrument design is verified. Uncertainties associated with the measurements are analyzed and the results discussed. The instrument concept is feasible with some constraints and paths for future improvement are outlined.