Enhancing competency and self-directed learning in anesthesiology residency: an outcome-based education model integrating online–offline hybrid teaching and mind mapping: a randomized controlled trial

Incorporating outcome-based education with an online-offline hybrid teaching model and mind mapping effectively enhances the academic performance, clinical competence, and self-directed learning capabilities of anesthesiology residents. This comprehensive instructional approach holds strong potential for broader adoption in standardized medical education and residency training programs.