Earthquake in Bangladesh from the Perspective of the Second Most Populous City in the World

ABSTRACT: Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions reshape geography by triggering dynamic activity of the earth’s tectonic plates. Bangladesh is situated at a critical tectonic junction where the earth’s structure is very complex. Most studies suggest that Bangladesh is likely to experience mild to moderate earthquakes. However, seismic hazard alone does not determine disaster risk. Given the other contributing factors like groundwater depletion, ongoing land subsidence etc. can contribute to building vulnerability and the consequences in a densely populated city like Dhaka may be catastrophic even in case of a mild earthquake. This paper reviews the tectonic scenery of Bangladesh, very recent seismic activity, and compounding urban vulnerabilities focusing on Dhaka, the second largest city by population today. It highlights the tectonic activities, urban and geotechnical vulnerability, emphasizing the need for risk-informed urban planning and structural measures. KEYWORDS: Earthquake, Dhaka, anomalous subduction zone, Building collapse.