Identity Over Safety? How Social Solidarity and Cultural Identity Shape Resistance to Flood Relocation in Coastal Indonesia

Background: In Sayung Subdistrict, Demak, people's perception of flood risk is influenced by two main factors: government information about relocation and the strength of solidarity and cultural identity among residents. Residents are aware of the high risk, but feel unable or unprepared to relocate because they fear losing their identity and social connections. Therefore, social solidarity is a strong reason for them to refuse relocation. Objective: To analyse social solidarity and cultural identity in relation to the interpretation of tidal flood risk information and attitudes towards relocation policies among coastal communities in Demak Regency, Indonesia. Methodology: Qualitative research using interpretative phenomenology analysed residents' experiences and perceptions of tidal flooding risk communication. Data were collected through 60–90 minute semi-structured in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature reviews. Results: This study demonstrates that strong social solidarity fosters resistance to relocation policies, as reflected in community cohesion, mutual assistance, and effective informal coordination. The community perceives their homes and the sea as ancestral heritage and tidal flooding as destiny. As a result, the community has developed participatory disaster management adaptations. Conclusion: Effective risk communication in coastal areas requires integrating cultural identity and social solidarity as primary channels for conveying mitigation messages. Unique Contribution: This study confirms that cultural identity and social solidarity are forms of social capital that strengthen risk communication and the resilience of coastal communities. This is evidenced by collective adaptations such as road elevation, embankment construction, and mangrove planting, which demonstrate local capacity and community cooperation. Key Recommendation: Central and local governments need to prioritise social solidarity and cultural identity in risk communication by utilising religious forums and traditional leaders, and by combining formal and cultural approaches to improve preparedness and acceptance of mitigation measures.